雅思口语备考秘籍之语音与语调
2020-12-04 环球教育
话语中声调高低的变化叫做语调。
语调是英语语言的一种特性,它可以使话语的含义表达得更加完整和明确,可以帮助人们表达不同情感。借助语调来表明句子中单词和句子之间的语法关系是什么,表示说话者对他人或思考对象的态度和表达的隐含意思。
同一句话用不一样的语调表达出来,表示的含义可能完全不同。
英语为母语的人在对话过程中对语调比较敏感,而英语为第二语言学习者往往掌握不好语调的运用。倘若用错语调,可能会出现自己不知,而已经引起他人误会的情况。
了解并掌握有关英语语调的相关知识可以促进无障碍地域英语国家的人们进行交流。
在雅思口语考试中,考生的语调控制能力也是一个重要的评分标准。下面笔者总结归纳了英语语调的三大功能:
1语调的表态功能
英语语调能够表达说话者的喜恶和态度。高兴、惊奇、生气、悲伤、宽慰、愤怒、不感兴趣、保留意见等都可以通过语调准确表达出来。因此,表明说话者态度是英语语调最普遍性的功能。
2语调的强调功能
英语语调单位又称作语调群,一个完整的语调单位由调冠、调头、调核和调尾四部分组成。其中调核是最重要性的音节,它的改变可能带来句子强调重心的改变。
通过调核调整,说话者可以把听众的注意力集中到重要内容上,突出自己想要强调的部分。
3语调的语法功能
语调中所涵盖的信息和语调单位的划分、调核位置的变化以及调型的选择等能保住听者更准确地识别语法和句法结构,了解句子意思。
首先语调的语法功能可以体现在区分陈述句和疑问句上。其次,语调的语法功能可以帮助模糊不清有歧义的句子把意思表达清楚。
a)降调形式
句式 | 例句 |
a) 陈述句 | Thank you↓. You’re quite right. I’m afraid I must be off. |
b) 特殊疑问句 | What time can I see you? What’s the matter with you? How long have you lived in this city? |
c) 祈使句 | Come in. Have a seat. Show me your ID card. |
d) 感叹句 | What a hot day! How silly it is! Isn’t it lovely! |
b)升调形式
句式 | 例句 |
a) 一般疑问句 | Have you been staying here long? Are you free tomorrow morning? Is your major difficult to learn? |
b) 祈使句 | Won’t you take a seat? Shall we start right now? Could you rephrase your question? |
c) 陈述句 | I can’t wait that long. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. I thought everything would be all right. |
c)升调在前,降调在后(前升、后降)
句式 | 例句 |
a) 选择疑问句,要求回答者选择任何一个 | Do you prefer tea↑ or coffee↓? Is he still here↑ or has he gone home already↓? Which one do you think is better, urban life↑ or rural life↓? |
b) 以状语或者状语从句开始的句子 | At ten o’clock in the morning↑, the game began↓. When I was a freshman↑, I joined the student union↓. As long as you have more confidence↑, you’ll definitely speak good English well↓. |
c) 罗列事物 | She’s confident↑, diligent ↑and self-motivated↓. There’s a chair↑, a table↑, a bed↑ and a desk↓ in the room↓. We prepared a variety of food for the picnic, like fruits↑, cookies↑, salad↑ and sandwiches↓. |
d)降调在前,升调在后(前降、后升)
句式 | 例句 |
a) 反义疑问句,表示说话人有一些疑惑,要肯定一下自己的看法 | He works in a bank in town↓, doesn’t he↑? You went to the concert yesterday, didn’t you? You have graduated from the university, haven’t you? |
b) 前面是陈述句,后面有一个表示不肯定或有疑虑的附加语 | It’s going to rain↓, I’m afraid↑. |
e)前后都是降调(前降、后降)
句式 | 例句 |
c) 主语在前,状语或状语从句在后的陈述句 | He will know better ↓when he gets older↓. I am not going to go back to my hometown↓ after I graduate from the university↓. Amy has been working so hard in her English study↓ so that she could obtain a good mark in the IELTS test↓. |
d) 有两个或两个以上并列句的句子 | The telephone rang↓, but I didn’t answer it↓. I got stuck in the heavy traffic↓, so I was totally late for the concert↓. Chris left his hometown in his younger age, struggled alone in another city and eventually he made his dream realized. |
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