OSSD大数据的世界(4)--各种各样的结果分析
2020-06-30 环球教育
亲爱的朋友们,这是我们最后一期关于大数据的世界了,之前我们已经知道如何去选择合适的人群,提出什么样的问题,以及用什么样的方法去去调查,现在就剩下最后一个步骤了,就是我们得到的结果要去分析,如何去分析呢?今天我要介绍两种计算方法,还有结果的分析。
关于我们想要调查的结果我们可以用这些数据去衡量
The Mean/平均数
This is the average in the set of data.
这个指的是一组数据的平均值。
The Median/中位数
The median is the middle value of the data when they are ranked from highest to lowest.When there is an even number of values,the median is the midpoint between the two middle values.
中位数是数据从最高到最低排列的中间值。当有偶数的值时,中间值是两个中间值之间的中点。
The Mode/众数
This is the number that occurs the most often in the set of data.If there is no number that occurs most frequently,then there is no mode.If there are two numbers that occurs the most frequently,then there are two modes.
这是数据集中最常见的数字。如果没有最频繁发生的数字,那么就没有众数。如果有两个数字发生得最频繁,那么就有两种众数。
Weighted Mean/加权平均数
A weighted mean gives a measure of central tendency that reflects the relative importance of the data.
加权平均值即将各数值乘以相应的权数,然后加总求和得到总体值,再除以总的单位数,加权平均数反映了数据的相对重要性。
Deviation/偏差
A deviation is the difference between an individual value in a set of data and the mean of the data.
偏差是一组数据中单个值与数据的平均值之间的差异。
Variance/方差
Variance is a dispersion that is found by averaging the squares of the deviation of each piece of data.
方差是每个样本值与全体样本值的平均数之差的平方值的平均数。
The Standard deviation/标准偏差
The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are.It is represented by symbol sigma.
标准差也被称为标准偏差,标准差描述各数据偏离平均数的距距离的平均数,它是离差平方和平均后的方根,用σ表示。
我们肯定也会有一些图像去表达我们调查的数据之间的关系,比如散点图
A scatter plot is a graphical method of showing the joint distribution of two variables in which each point on the graph represents a pair of values.
散点图是一种表示两个变量的联合分布的图形分布,其中图上的每一个点相对应一个数值。
而我们的结果,也会有许多关系,敲黑板,举个小栗子
当太阳太热的时候,即会导致冰融化时,它们之间的关系我们就叫因果关系.
其他的还有很多,我们需要根据调查的数据的类型的不同分析出应当的结果。
Cause and effect relationship/因果关系
A cause and effect relationship refers to a relationship which a change in the independent variables produces,by some mechanism,a change in the dependent variable.
因果关系是一个事件(即“因”)和第二个事件(即“果”)之间的作用关系,其中后一事件被认为是前一事件的结果。一般来说,一个事件是很多原因综合产生的结果,而且原因都发生在较早时间点,而该事件又可以成为其他事件的原因。
Common cause factor/共同因素
A common cause factor refers to an external variable that causes two variable to change in the same way.
共同因素指的是一个永恒的变量会导致两个变量向着相同的方向改变。
Reverse Cause and effect relationship/逆因果关系
A reverse cause and effect relationship refers to a relationship in which the presumed dependent and independent variables are reversed in the process of establishing causality.
反向因果关系是指在建立因果关系的过程中,假定的因变量和自变量发生逆转的关系
Accidental relationship/偶然性
An accidental relationship refers to a correlation between two variables that occurs by random chance.In other words,a correlation exists without any causal relationship between variables.
偶然关系是指随机偶然发生的两个变量之间的关联。换句话说,变量之间没有任何因果关系。
Presumed Relationship/假定关系
A presumed relationship refers to a correlation that does not seem to be accidental,even though no cause-and-effect relationship or common-cause factor is apparent.
假定的关系指的是一种似乎不是偶然的关联,即使没有因果关系或共同原因因素是明显的。
Reliability/可靠性
Reliability is concerned with the extent to which an experiment,test,or measuring device produces the same results on repeated attempts.
可靠性关系到实验、测试或测量装置在反复尝试时产生相同结果的程度。
Validity/有效性
Validity is concerned with whether a test or procedure measures what it is intended to measure.
有效性关系到一个测试或过程是否度量它所要测量的内容。
以上就是我们的全部内容哦,上一期的小测试我来宣布一下答案
分别是d.e.f.c.a.b
a) Simple Sampling | i) The names of students in a class are put in alphabetical order, and one is drawn at random to start. After that, every 4rd student is drawn. |
b) Stratified Sampling | ii) A boy stands outside of a grocery store asking anyone who walks by to fill out a survey. |
c) Cluster Sampling | iii) A survey is sent to each house, and if the people want to fill it out and send it back, then they can. |
d) Systematic Sampling | iv) All of the employees at a local McDonald’s are surveyed, and this represents all of the McDonald’s in the area. |
e)Convenience Sampling | v) All of the names of students in a school are put into a hat and 20 are drawn at random. |
f) Volunteer Sampling | vi) 30% of each grade are surveyed, so that each grade is proportionally represented. |
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